What is Dovetail?
A dovetail joint (also known as a "dovetail joint") is a type of carpentry joint in which mutually matching, trapezoidal "tails" and "sockets" are cut into two pieces of wood. This allows the pieces to be joined at right angles without the use of additional fasteners. The name comes from the shape of the wedges, which resemble the spread wings of a swallow.

Why is the Dovetail So Popular?

1. Strength – Thanks to its unique geometry, the dovetail joint is one of the strongest joints in carpentry. It resists stretching and is ideal for high-stress areas, such as drawers, chests, and various types of furniture.
2. Aesthetics – This combination not only ensures functionality but also serves as a decorative element. The precisely crafted dovetail joint attracts the eye and highlights the carpenter's craftsmanship.
3. Tradition – This technique is passed down from generation to generation. For many carpenters, mastering the art of making dovetail joints is an important step in their professional and artistic development.

Types of Dovetails

• Classic Dovetail Joint – The most popular variant, often used to connect the sides of drawers and chests. The trapezoidal shape ensures a stable and durable joint.
• Blind dovetail – Used when the joint is to be invisible from the outside. The wedges are hidden within the material, providing an elegant appearance.
• Semi-blind dovetail – Used in drawer constructions where the front remains smooth and the joint is only visible when opened.

How to Make a Dovetail?

1. Design – First, determine the number and size of the wedges. Their even distribution and proper proportions (e.g., a wall angle of 1:6 to 1:8) impact both aesthetic appeal and mechanical strength.
2. Marking – Accurately marking the cutting line is key to success. This can be done using a carpenter's knife or sharp pencil, along with a protractor or specialized carpentry tools (e.g., a dovetail marker).
3. Cutting – Wedges can be cut by hand using a Japanese saw or other precision saws. Alternatively, a router with a suitable cutter and guide (known as a "dovetail jig") can be used.
4. Fitting and assembly – After cutting, the pieces are fitted together and, if necessary, adjusted with small tools such as chisels or sandpaper. The joint can then be glued and pressed.

Contemporary Application
Despite advances in technology and the availability of carpentry machinery, the hand-made dovetail joint is still highly valued. It demonstrates craftsmanship and attention to detail. Dovetail joints are common in the high-end furniture industry, especially in the production of exclusive drawers and chests that combine modern design with traditional techniques.

Trivia

1. Ancient Roots – The dovetail joint has been known since ancient times. The Egyptians used this type of joint in the construction of chests and sarcophagi, as evidenced by finds from pyramids and tombs.
2. Verification of craftsmanship – In some carpentry schools and workshops, making perfect dovetails is one of the main tests of the skills of future masters.
3. Machine precision vs. handcrafted – While specialized milling machines and jigs exist for making dovetail joints, many craftsmen prefer traditional, handcrafted techniques. Handcrafted joints give furniture a unique character and are a symbol of the highest quality.
4. Angles and proportions – In carpentry practice, specific proportions are often used to determine cutting angles (e.g. 1:6, 1:7 or 1:8), thus influencing the aesthetics and strength of the joint.
5. The Gold Standard in Drawers – Dovetail joints are widely considered the standard for high-end drawers. They ensure the drawer remains stable for a long time, even with frequent opening and closing.

Summary
A dovetail joint is not only a durable wood joint, but also a symbol of tradition, aesthetics, and the highest level of carpentry craftsmanship. Despite the development of advanced technologies and power tools, hand-cutting dovetails remains an art appreciated by professionals and DIY enthusiasts alike. A precisely executed joint enhances the furniture and confirms the carpenter's mastery – it is this unique blend of functionality and beauty that has made dovetails practiced and admired for centuries.